Criteria
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Crestal (Axial / Screw)Implants
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Basal Implants
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Shape and structure
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Root form - designed to imitate roots of a tooth
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The implants look like an inverted T
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Endosseous section
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Screw shaped with machined / sandblasted / HA coated surfaces.
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Flat / blade like surfaces with spaces permitting bone in growth.
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Technique
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Insertion thro’ crestal bone and communication with oral cavity much more than basal implants
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Insertion thro’ lateral aspect of basal bone. Load bearing area of implant has no communication with the oral cavity.
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Bone requirement
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Vertical bone – both crestal and rarely a small portion of basal bone.
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Basal bone is what is needed. Horizontal aspects of the bone are fully utilized along with the inner and outer cortices.
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Armamentarium
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A large set of instruments are necessary for procedures
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Instrumentation relatively a lot simpler
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Bone grafting procedures
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Essential in cases of deficiency in bone height. Grafting procedures give unpredictable results
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Not essential.
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Bone displacement
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Considerable bone substance displacement / loss occurs and varies with size and length of implant. Crestal bone is more susceptible to resorption
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Displace upto 60% less bone substance. Bone integrity and perfusion are barely impaired. Basal bone - highly resistant to resorption
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Mucosal penetration diameter
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Larger. Chances of peri implantitis, vertical bone loss, crater like bone loss and infections are relatively high
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Smaller (1.9 – 2.3mm. only). The whole vertical implant part is polished – hence, chances of problems seen as in the case of crestal implants relatively very low.
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Anatomy – proximity to Maxillary Sinus & Inf.Alveolar Nerve
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Very important consideration and technique is to be modified accordingly. Bone augmentation essential in most cases.
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Overcoming unfavorably placed MS and IAN is possible
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Abutment angulations
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Two piece implants have to have pre-angulated abutments. KOS single piece implants provide angulated as well as bendable abutment provisions.
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All BOI implants have bendable abutments.
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Loading
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Two piece implants often require delayed loading & two surgical phases at times
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Immediate loading
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Healing
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Prolonged healing time – clinically significant
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Bone healing time not clinically significant
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Masticatory forces
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Act in the vertical direction along the sides of the screw structure
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Transferred to the basal plate deep into the cortical bone areas which are able to accept large loads and have great capacity for regeneration.
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Resterilization of implant including abutments
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Impossible
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Possible after pre-cleaning
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Applications in destructive periodontitis & after multiple extractions of teeth
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Placement nearly impossible and success is unpredictable.
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Placement of implants very much possible and results are excellent.
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Smoking patients
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Failure rate is nearly 100%
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Best option for smoking patients
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Controlled diabetic patients
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Crestal implants always run a risk of failure in cases where there are blood sugar variations
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Blood sugar variations may not affect the survival of the implant at all.
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